Search Results

Appendix A. Estimating Pretax and Posttax Global Energy Subsidies »
Source: Energy Subsidy Reform : Lessons and Implications
Series: Books
Author(s): Benedict Clements , David Coady , Stefania Fabrizio , Sanjeev Gupta , Trevor Alleyne , and Carlo Sdralevich
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date: 13 September 2013
ISBN: 9781475558111
Keywords: prices, electricity, pricing, electricity sector, electricity subsidies
This appendix describes the data sources and methodologies used for the estimation of subsidies for petroleum products, coal, natural gas, and electricity. Pretax Subsidies...

Global Dispersion of Current Accounts: Is the Universe Expanding? »
Source: IMF Staff Papers, Volume 56, No. 3
Volume: 56
Series: IMF Staff Papers
Author(s): International Monetary Fund. Research Dept.
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date: 31 July 2009
ISBN: 9781589068209
Keywords: trade openness, trade liberalization, import duties, transition economies, trade barriers
Studies of the impact of trade openness on growth are based either on crosscountry analysis—which lacks transparency—or case studies—which lack statistical rigor. This paper applies a transpare...

Global Implications of Lower Oil Prices »
Source: Global Implications of Lower Oil Prices
Volume/Issue: 2015/15
Series: Staff Discussion Notes
Author(s): Aasim Husain , Rabah Arezki , Peter Breuer , Vikram Haksar , Thomas Helbling , Paulo Medas , and Martin Sommer
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date: 14 July 2015
ISBN: 9781513532417
Keywords: Oil price, fuel taxes and subsidies, fiscal vulnerabilities, external vulnerabilities, exchange rate regime, oil, prices, price, oil prices, energy
The sharp drop in oil prices is one of the most important global economic developments over the past year. The SDN finds that (i) supply factors have played a somewhat larger role than demand factors in driving the...

II The Setting for Adjustment: Initial Positions and Global Environment »
Source: IMF Conditionality : Experience Under Stand-by and Extended Arrangements, Part I: Key Issues and Findings
Series: Occasional Papers
Author(s): Louis Dicks-Mireaux , Miguel Savastano , Adam Bennett , María Carkovic S. , Mauro Mecagni , James John , and Susan Schadler
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date: 26 September 1995
ISBN: 9781557754929
Keywords: inflation, terms of trade, capital inflows, exchange rate, real interest rates
Almost without exception, the initial positions of the countries under review were dire. Most were suffering the effects of long-standing institutional and structural weaknesses, fiscal excesses, and deficie...

Income Inequality and Fiscal Policy »
Source: Income Inequality and Fiscal Policy
Volume/Issue: 2012/8
Series: Staff Discussion Notes
Author(s): David Coady , and Sanjeev Gupta
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date: 28 June 2012
ISBN: 9781475504828
Keywords: Fiscal consolidation, Developed countries, Developing countries, Fiscal policy, Government expenditures, Income inequality, Income distribution, Taxation, Unemployment, tax
Staff Discussion Notes showcase the latest policy-related analysis and research being developed by individual IMF staff and are published to elicit comment and to further debate. These papers are generally brief an...