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Regional Economic Outlook, April 2019, Sub-Saharan Africa

Recovery Amid Elevated Uncertainty

The economic recovery in sub-Saharan Africa is expected to continue, but at a slower pace than envisaged in October 2018.

Fiscal Monitor, April 2019

Curbing Corruption

The April 2019 edition of Fiscal Monitor is focused on two broad themes: fiscal policy in a fast-changing global economy and curbing corruption.

China's Bond Market and Global Financial Markets

China's Bond Market and Global Financial Markets »

Journal Issue

Volume/Issue: 2018/253

Series: IMF Working Papers

Author(s): Eugenio Cerutti , and Maurice Obstfeld

Publisher: ChinaMoney Magazine by CFETS of PBoC

Publication Date: 03 April 2019

Language: Chinese

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5089/WPICA2018253.001

ISBN: WPICA2018253

Keywords: Globalization, Asia and Pacific, China, International financial markets, Bond Market, Market Integration, Financial Aspects of Economic Integration, International Business Cycles

A cross-country comparative analysis shows that there is substantial room for further integration of China into global financial markets, especially in the case of the international bond market. A further successfu...

China's Bond Market and Global Financial Markets

China's Bond Market and Global Financial Markets »

Article

Source: China's Bond Market and Global Financial Markets

Volume/Issue: 2018/253

Series: IMF Working Papers

Author(s): Eugenio Cerutti , and Maurice Obstfeld

Publisher: ChinaMoney Magazine by CFETS of PBoC

Publication Date: 03 April 2019

Language: Chinese

ISBN: WPICA2018253

Keywords: Globalization, Asia and Pacific, China, International financial markets, Bond Market, Market Integration, Financial Aspects of Economic Integration, International Business Cycles

A cross-country comparative analysis shows that there is substantial room for further integration of China into global financial markets, especially in the case of the international bond market. A further successfu...

Chapter 8 Inequality in Brazil: A Closer Look at the Evolution in States

Chapter 8 Inequality in Brazil: A Closer Look at the Evolution in States »

Chapter

Source: Brazil : Boom, Bust, and Road to Recovery

Series: Books

Author(s): Antonio Spilimbergo , and Krishna Srinivasan

Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND

Publication Date: 14 March 2019

ISBN: 9781484339749

Keywords: Brazil, Corruption, Economic conditions, Economic recession, Economic recovery, Trade, economic history

Using a novel methodology that allows households’ incomes to be adjusted for price-level differences across states, this chapter analyzes the evolution of income inequality in Brazi...

Chapter 9 Poverty and Inequality in Brazil and Latin America

Chapter 9 Poverty and Inequality in Brazil and Latin America »

Chapter

Source: Brazil : Boom, Bust, and Road to Recovery

Series: Books

Author(s): Antonio Spilimbergo , and Krishna Srinivasan

Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND

Publication Date: 14 March 2019

ISBN: 9781484339749

Keywords: Brazil, Corruption, Economic conditions, Economic recession, Economic recovery, Trade, economic history

Brazil, and Latin America more broadly, have made impressive progress in reducing inequality and poverty since the turn of the century, although they remain highly u...

Fiscal Redistribution and Social Welfare

Fiscal Redistribution and Social Welfare »

Article

Source: Fiscal Redistribution and Social Welfare

Volume/Issue: 2019/51

Series: IMF Working Papers

Author(s): David Coady , Devin D'Angelo , and Brooks Evans

Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND

Publication Date: 08 March 2019

ISBN: 9781484398081

Keywords: Social security, Income distribution, Personal income taxes, Social welfare programs, Fiscal policy, Fiscal redistribution, progressivity, targeting, transfers, taxes

Fiscal policy is a key tool for achieving distributional objectives in advanced economies. This paper embeds the discussion of fiscal redistribution within the standard social welfare framework, which lends itself...

Fiscal Redistribution and Social Welfare

Fiscal Redistribution and Social Welfare »

Journal Issue

Volume/Issue: 2019/51

Series: IMF Working Papers

Author(s): David Coady , Devin D'Angelo , and Brooks Evans

Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND

Publication Date: 08 March 2019

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5089/9781484398081.001

ISBN: 9781484398081

Keywords: Social security, Income distribution, Personal income taxes, Social welfare programs, Fiscal policy, Fiscal redistribution, progressivity, targeting, transfers, taxes

Fiscal policy is a key tool for achieving distributional objectives in advanced economies. This paper embeds the discussion of fiscal redistribution within the standard social welfare framework, which lends itself...

Financial Inclusion of Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises in the Middle East and Central Asia

Financial Inclusion of Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises in the Middle East and Central Asia »

Book

Volume/Issue: 2019/2

Series: Departmental Papers / Policy Papers

Author(s): Nicolas Blancher , Maximiliano Appendino , Aidyn Bibolov , Armand Fouejieu , Jiawei Li , Anta Ndoye , Alexandra Panagiotakopoulou , Wei Shi , and Tetyana Sydorenko

Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND

Publication Date: 27 February 2019

Language: Arabic

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5089/9781484396889.087

ISBN: 9781484396889

Keywords: Financial inclusion, Middle East and Central Asia, Business enterprises, Small and Medium Enterprises, Financial Inclusion, Middle East and Central Asia

The importance of financial inclusion is increasingly recognized by policymakers around the world. Small and medium-sized enterprise (SME) financial inclusion, in particular, is at the core of the economic diversif...

Debt Build-up in Frontier Low-Income Developing Countries (LIDCs) since 2012: Global or Country-specific Factors and Way Forward?

Debt Build-up in Frontier Low-Income Developing Countries (LIDCs) since 2012: Global or Country-specific Factors and Way Forward? »

Article

Source: Debt Build-up in Frontier Low-Income Developing Countries (LIDCs) since 2012: Global or Country-specific Factors and Way Forward?

Volume/Issue: 2019/37

Series: IMF Working Papers

Author(s): Constance de Soyres , Anna Rogantini Picco , and Randa Sab

Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND

Publication Date: 22 February 2019

ISBN: 9781484396247

Keywords: Domestic debt, Real interest rates, Economic growth, Heavily indebted poor countries, Interest rate increases, Debt build-up;Frontier LIDCs;global and country-specific factors;debt-to-GDP ratio;debt-to-GDP;country-specific;federal fund rate;fund rate

This paper focuses on the debt build-up that frontier low-income developing countries (LIDCs) have faced since 2012. First, it documents a 20-percentage point increase in the external and government debt-to-GDP ra...

Debt Build-up in Frontier Low-Income Developing Countries (LIDCs) since 2012: Global or Country-specific Factors and Way Forward?

Debt Build-up in Frontier Low-Income Developing Countries (LIDCs) since 2012: Global or Country-specific Factors and Way Forward? »

Journal Issue

Volume/Issue: 2019/37

Series: IMF Working Papers

Author(s): Constance de Soyres , Anna Rogantini Picco , and Randa Sab

Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND

Publication Date: 22 February 2019

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5089/9781484396247.001

ISBN: 9781484396247

Keywords: Domestic debt, Real interest rates, Economic growth, Heavily indebted poor countries, Interest rate increases, Debt build-up;Frontier LIDCs;global and country-specific factors;debt-to-GDP ratio;debt-to-GDP;country-specific;federal fund rate;fund rate

This paper focuses on the debt build-up that frontier low-income developing countries (LIDCs) have faced since 2012. First, it documents a 20-percentage point increase in the external and government debt-to-GDP ra...

Destabilizing the Global Monetary System: Germany's Adoption of the Gold Standard in the Early 1870s

Destabilizing the Global Monetary System: Germany's Adoption of the Gold Standard in the Early 1870s »

Article

Source: Destabilizing the Global Monetary System: Germany's Adoption of the Gold Standard in the Early 1870s

Volume/Issue: 2019/32

Series: IMF Working Papers

Author(s): Johannes Wiegand

Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND

Publication Date: 15 February 2019

ISBN: 9781484394724

Keywords: Currency reform, Fixed exchange rates, Exchange rate regimes, Currency question, Gold, Bimetallism;Gold Standard;France;Germany;Flandreau;specie;silver specie;gold currency

In 1871-73, newly unified Germany adopted the gold standard, replacing the silver-based currencies that had been prevalent in most German states until then. The reform sparked a series of steps in other countries t...